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Martial Arts Are About Survival

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Martial Arts Are About Survival

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Martial Arts Are About Survival

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Martial Arts Are About Survival

By: Kevin Brett

About the Author

Kevin Brett has twenty years of martial arts training and teaching experience. He and wife Lana Kaye Brett were two of the five co-founders of the United Karate Institute of Self-Defense, Incorporated in Alexandria, Virginia. He has taught martial arts and street self-defense to local law enforcement, military and federal officers focusing on realistic and practical application of martial arts techniques. He lives in Stafford, VA with his wife, three children and their Collie, Captain Jack Sparrow!

He is the President/CEO of Kevin Brett Studios, Inc. http://www.KevinBrettStudios.com He holds a B.S. in Computer and Information Science. He was recognized by Isaac Slater (8th degree black belt) as a Certified Martial Arts Instructor for his development of a comprehensive instructor training curriculum for United Karate and for development of curriculum, instructional manuals and 14 belt-rank videos from white belt through second degree black belt for United Karate.

Read samples from The Way of the Martial Artist: Achieving Success in Martial Arts and in Life! on the web site: http://www.KevinBrettStudios.com

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Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/ – Martial Arts Are About Survival

Here’s a shocker for you … martial arts are about survival.  Yep, that’s right.  The purpose of martial arts is to have the skill and knowledge to be able to do in the bad guy and still make it home in time to walk the dog.  Martial arts are not some trendy type of workout designed to
impress the ladies as you tell them about the tournaments or trophies you’ve won.  While it certainly is an awesome total-body workout and a great way to get in shape many students really give little thought to its ultimate purpose; survival.

Let’s talk self-defense. I was one of the co-founders of the United Karate Institute of Self-Defense, Inc. in Alexandria, Virginia. Three other instructors, my wife (also a black belt) and I decided that we had met way too many highly ranked black belts who had earned numerous
trophies in sport karate competition. They were champions and winners and knew all the tricks in the ring to be able to score points and come home with the large gleaming plastic and marble trophies.  Sounds great doesn’t it. Except for one small problem, virtually every one of these black belt “champions”  did not possess even the most basic skills or knowledge of how to defend themselves against even a single assailant, much less multiple assailants. What’s up with that?  

They’re black belts. They should be able to leap over tall buildings, outrun bullets, stop a speeding train and run between the raindrops! Right? No, but it certainly seems to the average person that a black belt must be nearly indestructible and probably possesses some almost
mystical power and knowledge. Wrong again. If you are not trained properly with a real emphasis on self-defense and street application of martial arts techniques then you are merely mimicking movements from your instructor.

If you’re a black belt and you can’t even defend your way out of a wet paper bag then what have you spent all of those years doing?  Let me say it again, martial arts are about survival. It’s not about phony point-sparring competition where the only techniques you can use in the ring are things you would never dream of using on the street and where the most effective techniques from the street are not allowed in the ring.

When you study martial arts it’s not all just punching and kicking, you must learn about many qualities of humanity, both positive and negative because your brain is your ultimate survival tool. Ultimately, at its core, is the need to survive; be it on the streets of New York City,
the jungles of Asia, the deserts of the Middle East or even a hostile business climate. To survive combat and harsh environments, you the martial artist must have many skills and have developed many physical and character qualities. In order to survive, you must improve
yourself beyond your current abilities. However, remember the best warrior is not warlike, but is able to summon the warrior spirit within when it is required.

Preparing to Survive: Adaptability and Versatility

Survival requires adaptability, which is the ability to respond rapidly, effectively and without confusion to changing stimuli. These stimuli can be different training conditions. They can be new techniques, styles of martial arts, weapons or changes in lighting, temperature, speed,
distance, surface, or any other attribute of your environment.

To survive, welcome change by varying your training. The more you do this, the better equipped you are to adapt effectively, because you are always doing it. Many martial arts systems have training sessions where their students practice their martial arts in the rain, snow, mud, swamps and other rough and difficult terrain. In this manner students learn to be aware of

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An Essential Tool to Monitoring and Digging Wells – Environmental Drilling

mortgage refinance The cost of carrying out an environmental impact assessment can be a significant part of the planning and design cost of a development project. Notoriously, the EIA costs are difficult to predict at the outset of the project.

juegos futbol This uncertainty is mainly due to an initial lack of knowledge of the environmental baseline conditions on the development site. As the project progresses, site knowledge increases gradually and new costs may emerge while some risks may reduce. Particularly in the current economic climate, there is a need to have a clear understanding of the costs and the risks of the environmental impact assessment at an early stage in the project.

property management  The first step to effective cost management of an environmental impact assessment is to carry out a thorough EIA scoping study. The outcome of the EIA scoping study should be a clear understanding of the basic site characteristics and the likely environmental risks and sensitivities. It should also provide a clear programme on how to address the issues that have been identified in the further environmental impact assessment.

Now, from a purely divining perspective, one can use the immediate environment as a most remarkable tool. As in the tarot or the runes or even good old tea leaves, one would sit and think upon a question and allow the Universe to then flow through the medium of the environment.

More on the concept of drilled water wells

Wells can be drilled by using manual or hand drilling techniques such as jetting, hand percussion, sludging and augering. At times, machine drilling with the use of a rotary, down-the-hole hammer and percussion may also be employed. Drilling is essential in taking out more water into the well because the process can go deeper into digging the holes out of a surface. In fact, one may drill one hundred meters more through drilling than when using other techniques.

A system that is based on the Monte Carlo cost forecasting system is ideally suited to deal with these kind of uncertainties. The outcome of the Monte Carlo cost forecasting system is typically a series of potential project costs together with the probability that each of these costs will not be exceeded. Thus, employing a combination of a rigorous EIA scoping study and the use of the Monte Carlo cost forecasting methodology are essential tools in the effective cost management of environmental impact assessments. You can be published without charge. You can to republish this article in your website or blog. Please provide links Active.

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Community Based Reintegration of former combatants Youth

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Online Articles Home Page Business > Non Profit Organizations > Community Based Reintegration of former combatants Youth Community Based Reintegration of former combatants Youth I Edit Article | Posted: September 28, 2007 | Comments: 0 | Views: 308 | ]]>

Community Based Reintegration of Ex-combatants: A Case Study Of The Lord’s Resistance Army in Northern Uganda />
J. Muwonge Maxie
Human Rights, Peace and Development Worker and researcher />
Introduction />
The specific context of any conflict, and the differentiating dynamics there, you know the process for resolving conflict. In the case of northern Uganda war Lord Resistance Army’s (LRA), the nature and scope of commitments and involvement, evolving political and security frameworks, vision and goals set by various stakeholders in an attempt to end the insurgency is twenty years informed by the nature and dynamics of this war. Several studies have indicated the nature of the LRA war. The LRA rebels mutilate, abduct children, kill broad civilian, make rape and other acts of sexual violence as well as crimes against property including though not limited to burning down civilians’ huts, damage to vehicles, economic extortion and theft of food and medical stuffs. 1 Although it is right to argue that the nature of LRA atrocities are synonymous with other armed conflicts in Africa such as Darfur in Sudan insurgency, the 1994 Rwandan genocide and other events, in the case of LRA, Many of those who committed crimes against humanity under duress from their abductors. In brief the internal organization of the LRA is the abductees, mainly children and youth, who was killed porters, soldiers and wives. />
Many of the LRA ex-combatants for the purpose of this paper is referred to as Former abducted Persons (FAPs), considering that they were abducted and forced to make these atrocities against their will, with more years escaped from to fight back their communities. In many instances, returning from battle, the FAPs, because of their involvement in violence against their community during the war, portrayed as prone to violence and criminal passions and summarily perceived by members from centrally war affected community as a threat in one form to another. Such perceptions are premised on the bitter truth. FAPs were abducted when they were coerced to make an act of brutality, often against a relative, so incriminating and traumatizing them so they are reluctant or unable to return to their villages for fear responsibility in their community and revenge from mad as a result of losing their relatives.2 />
This paper war situation in northern Uganda3 and the condition of the FAPs and investigate the various initiatives undertaken to ensure sustainable community-based reintegration of FAPs. It also provides recommendations to achieve better their reintegration and work within their community. />
Analyzing the situation of the LRA insurgency in Northern Uganda />
The entire Northern Uganda testifies to the suffering vicious LRA coming twenty-year conflict with the central government of Uganda, characterized by deceptive mass killings, abductions, rape and internal displacement of the civilian population.
Poor living conditions are widespread among the country people (IDPs), which is highly impoverished, displaced from their traditional lands, and suffering diseases such as cholera, malaria and HIV / AIDS. The region has witnessed interrupted education, families have to endure severe social breakdowns as evidenced by high numbers of orphans, child mothers, and child-headed families. Communities have faced food shortages because of the inaccessibility of their farmlands in areas far way from their IDP camp, and is therefore left to live on food provided by the monthly World Food Program ( WFP). />
A recent IDP revalidation exercise in August 2006 established that Gulu is 460 226 (87 percent of its projected population estimate of 528,800) living in 66 protected internal displacement camps / communities as a result of repeated and extended to forced displacements triggered the insurgency. IDP population this figure constitutes a total of 118,338 families / households.4 If the same scenario is reflected in the Gulu district of Kitgum and Pader in which the IDP population of 31,011 IDPs in 22 camps and 319,506 IDPs in 30 the camps respectively, then the total number of IDPs sa Acholi Sub Region is 1089843.5 Most of the camps are highly under-serviced despite the efforts executed along with its Local Government Humanitarian and Development partners.6 The IDP situations, as a result of the LRA, is extended to the sub region Drunken, especially Lira district as well as the Teso region in the east. />
In the midst of this war traumatized IDP communities are hundreds of FAPs to be affected in many ways by being abducted, tortured and forced to kill the same community that they are now looking to reintegrate with. For the general feeling is that the FAPs will be forgiven by the war in the affected communities of northern Uganda, the idea for them to stay in the former communities that they are forced to brutalize, has at times led some members of the community to insult FAPs palpably as rebels, who often stigmatizes them, causing deep psychological scars. Therefore there is need for understanding of their condition before the intrusion for their reintegration began. />
In the wake of the FAPs />
It is important to note that the FAPs are the worst affected by the LRA insurgency in northern Uganda. From1996, a year marked by intense fighting between the LRA and government forces – Uganda People’s Defence Forces (UPDF), the LRA resorted to kidnapping and massacre of suspected allies of the government to intimidate the civilian population in northern Uganda 0.7 The LRA abducts children and adults to serve as soldiers and girls to serve as sex slaves to his commanders. those abducted were brutalized to deter them from escaping. The abducted person attempting to escape are killed or seriously injured as an example to others <-! NextPage -> abducted.8 UNICEF estimates that more than 25,000 children were abducted in the course of the 19-year LRA reportedly favor insurgency.9 The LRA abductees for 9-12 year old age group is the most malleable.10

A more in-depth interrogation of the processes and consequences of the abduction of especially children and young people among the LRA informs us that: />
• Most FAPs were abducted when they were children;
• As an initial indoctrination of FAPs, they are coerced to do atrocities against their own communities as a means of incriminating them, thus making it difficult for them to return home;
• FAPs are few and turned against their family members and community
• In many instances, FAPs were inflicted physical and psychological abuse;
• Often, the FAPs are forced to give up their personal identity by taking the new name, and
• For girls, they were raped and forced into marriage with LRA top commanders. />
More than 90 percent of girls and young women abducted by LRA are forced to marriage.11 Of these, at least 73 percent continue to fight as soldiers even if married.12 Although difficult to come to terms with, the girl repeatedly raped under the ‘marriage of convenience with the rebels’ are safer than those who are single. Interviews with some of the female FAPs indicate that unmarried women and men are responsible for the heaviest and most dangerous workloads such as carrying supplies or switch in front of a military deployment in battle.13 would clearly state that it is not necessarily imply that FAPs especially girls raped under the guise of being married to the LRA commanders did so voluntarily. In reality, they are forced into marriage and sex against their will, after being beaten, tortured and threatened with death. />
In principle, the FAPs are physical and sexual slaves by their abductors. If you form a picture in situations of FAPs while under captivity, the chances are that the image is very tormenting and traumatizing. Many research and studies such as those mentioned in this paper is very good in helping us map looks dead and incalculable suffering young men and women (FAPs) went through under the LRA captivity, but do not take answering the question of who is responsible for their suffering. />
Uganda is one of the African countries signed and ratified most international conventions and treaties that define and prohibit slavery and practices similar to slavery such as the abduction of civilians during war and peace. These include, but are not limited to, the UN Charter of 1945, UDHR of 1948, Slavery Convention of 1962, Convention on the Rights of the Child, and Geneva convention places obligations on individuals and the warring parties to govern their conduct in war, and recently the 1998 Rome statute of the International Criminal Court. UDHR (1948) declares that all have the right to life, liberty and security person.14 The 1995 Uganda Constitution provides under the general principle that all three organs of state and the people of Uganda will work towards the promotion of national unity, peace and stability.15 It is the primary responsibility and duty of the government of Uganda to protect lives and property of all Ugandans all the time. The presence of IDPs in northern Uganda, with some of their family members forced into military combat the LRA, is a clear testimony to the lack of different duty bearers, in Uganda and the failure of international community to protect the human rights of victims. />
The above should not be considered to mean that nothing is done by the duty bearers responsible in Uganda and beyond, particularly the Government of Uganda. Had the same military and dialogue (stick and carrot) approaches, the characteristics and challenges are not necessarily discussed in the paper. The discussion is around the stark reality of civilians (IDPs) suffering as a category of victims alongside the FAPs, this paper takes to be the worst affected. For this, there is no contest over the fact that they are not protected from being manipulated and used as pawns in sustaining the entire insurgency. />
Because these statements sound powerful, they can be substantiated. Some scholars are in agreement with me on the back of LRA abductions crafted a systematic strategy of turning the population of northern Uganda against the government in power, which has majority members from the south. It has widened the north-south divide, which the author, like many nationalists, did not support and looks forward to finishing it by academic activism and proactive engagements as a responsible stakeholder in the analyzed authors of other relevant documents: The Northern Question in Uganda, and joining hands to make a better Uganda by the National Recocniliation16 />
The above statement is premised on the fact that the LRA abducted use among young women and men before battle as human shields. During the UPDF offensive against the LRA, the more often they can kill the abductees as armed rebels. From some of the interviews with the FAPs to beat the UPDF offensive, came the following: />
We used to fight the UPDF troops once we fell into their ambush. We had to put up a brave resistance against them to save our lives, because if you were to retreat the LRA commander of your group can shoot you. What we feared the most is the government war planes that can drop deadly bombs, killing many of our colleagues. however we are taught in their advance to see us, to remove our shirts, coat the dust or mud, tree cover in a bush, hiding both our finger and toe nails, and the way that plane is not easy to spot us. 17 />
For some of the FAPs survived battle, many died. When children are killed by the UPDF fight, their parents denouncing the government for killing their children. As a result many frantic parents of abductees killed displease the government, indirectly meets the intended purpose of the LRA of making the people of the north against the central government of Uganda. There are instances where the abductees who managed to escape from the LRA during the conflict UPDF found themselves harassed and physically harmed by members of the communities in which they run to the rescue. dissatisfaction has been attributed to the fact that the majority of families who lost their relatives can not stand any aide or involved suspected LRA combatant. They moved their anger refugees FAPs for revenge. Although such road blocks exist in the course of pursuing freedom FAPs from their abductors, many found their way into the center of the reception as Gulu Save the Children Organization, and World Vision GUSCO – where they were received and rehabilitated for a while before rejoined their families. Some of them captured by the UPDF was taken to the barracks and later transferred to the reception center. There also exists the FAPs directly escaped from the battle and found their way home to their relatives, and those who failed to trace their relatives or communities feared “retaliation against them, and moved to the main town in the war affected districts to engage in petty jobs to earn money brokery. />
Reintegration in People for FAPs />
Uganda’s former child soldiers, haunted by exposure to violence at a young age, often find little solace when reintegrated into their home communities. When they return home, the nightmare continued, as they face stigmatization from their families and peers.18 The government of Uganda does not have a comprehensive plan for the reintegration of FAPs back to their communities. Some feel that the reintegration of IDPs FAPs is enjoyable now. Some FAPs are having difficulty, for example, to sort out the power of the gun as a source of self-reliance and the guns are taken away without facilitation skills for alternative practitioners. What exists as reintegration process intervention by humanitarian agencies and civil society, are basically ad hoc and duplicated activities implemented by various stakeholders. Nevertheless, the government of Uganda Commission instituted the amnesty process of blanket amnesty for the LRA. />
I amnesty for FAPs />
As a response to the persistent insurgency in Uganda, the government enacted the Act amnesty in the year 2000. This move to pardon, treat and discharge former rebels voluntarily give up the fight government by military means from criminal prosecution or any form of punishment from the state. The government’s blanket amnesty offered to all persons engaged in rebellions against the government of Uganda, including the LRA, covers all of the rebel movement since the 26 January 1986. For ex LRA combatants interviewed in the process of writing this paper, the greatest significance of the amnesty law is that it confers on them as beneficiaries of the amnesty, not replaced by a statutory immunity from prosecution or punishment . In fact Key LRA rebels as previously notorious banya Brigadiers Sam Kolo and received blanket amnesty from the government. The number of junior LRA commanders and FAPs who managed to escape from the battle and provided arms have equal status granted amnesty. There is a general consensus within the war affected communities to grant full amnesty sa FAPs especially in the lower ranks of the LRA because most of them are <-! NextPage -> victims of abduction against their will. It is important to note that “amnesty Uganda Act 2002 empowers the Commission amnesty to promote appropriate reconciliation mechanisms in affected communities” .19 />
The affected communities perceive the amnesty process is not enough for the reintegration and reconciliation as understood by the war victims. In most cases, some of the FAPs are given amnesty certificates, blanket and mattress, with some basic farm equipments. The victims feel the package amnesty community from many aspects. Some argue that the government is empowering the FAPs, which perceived by some members of the community as the culprit that contributed to the community ‘suffering in the camps, while others feel that the package is needed to enable the FAPs to start a new life after the abduction. Family of proper reintegration FAPs feel their children should be at the top of the amnesty process involving traditional cleansing, Mato oput. />
II Acholi Traditional Justice mechanisms – Mato Oput />
This is the traditional mechanisms of justice in Acholi people mainly affected by conflict. This practice is widely accepted within the IDP communities as ideal for cleansing FAPs before their reintegration with their families. It is usually carried out in both IDP camps and family levels for FAPs with and without amnesty certificates. />
The mechanism is based on (FAP)-sin’s declaration wrong he or she committed. Inherent to this process is the identification of the work done by the FAP, which Kir (Taboo) in the Acholi tradition. The works range from war crimes in violent antisocial behavior. The Taboo (Kir) was purified by extensive ritual, which often form part of the reaffirmation of common values or behavior. A typical ritual involves stepping on a raw egg that symbolizes pure and untouched, the Laibi stick, used for the opening of the barn symbolizing that the individual is returning home to eat, and a twig from a tree Opobo, traditionally used to make soap symbolizing cleansing. 20 />
The same ritual is conducted for the IDPs have started the voluntary return and resettlement in their original homes especially in Gulu district. A more in-depth interrogation of the entire system Mato-Oput reveals that: />
• Mato-Oput is a cultural conflict in the Acholi resolution carried by Rwodi Moo, the traditional institutions concerned with reconciliation.
• It is dedicated to true forgiveness for such offenders FAPs to ask for forgiveness, leading to reconciliation of the offender and offended. Usually, the elders of the clan FAPs acknowledge guilt and repent, while the victims’ clan elders agreed to mend fences after factual investigations.
• An agreement was worked out by adults, including a kind of compensation in the form of animals, usually animals, or handing a girl to the deceased’s family and clan, expected to produce children to replace the dead .
• At the agreed date of payment is done, old finish the process by sharing a bitter drink (made from tree roots Oput). It is the ceremonial way of swallowing bitterness.21 />
The author wishes to clearly highlight the elements of handing the girl in the family of the deceased is not generally supported by all Acholi people in contemporary times, although there are some conservative groups would keep intact the entire Acholi custom with that component. Many families opt for Mato-oput, give cattle to the deceased family, which is expected to be used by family to marry a woman for one of their children, whose birth and exchange of deceased family members and clan. In summary, the traditional practices that are partly used to restore the broken relationship between FAPs and the victim communities have some shortcomings. />
• The process is too expensive for highly impoverished communities that IDP children FAPs. Some civil society organizations such as the Northern Uganda Peace Initiative tried in 2005 to sponsor a group of Acholi leaders to undertake Mato oput rituals of welcoming back the FAPs to be reintegrated into their families.
• Many human rights activists are contesting the part of a way of giving a girl the family of the deceased to pay for dead in the family and clan members. />
Therefore, many FAPs that families and families have logistical support to meet the costs involved in conducting this traditional practice has tended to feel that they are unrefined, and therefore not properly reintegrated into their communities. />
III National Reintegration Armed Forces />
Some of the FAPs, escaping from the LRA opt to join the national armed forces. It is important to note that by and large, the process of joining the armed FAPs range of states is voluntary. For this category of FAPs, they feel better being reintegrated into the army to provide services – safety – in the community once they are forced to brutalise while under the LRA captivity. These FAPs are given full military training and passed out in various categories, some, as part of the Uganda People’s Defence Forces (UPDF) and others as Local Paramilitias. In some communities such as eastern Uganda, formed part of the FAPs AMUKA boys and Arrow to protect their own communities from the LRA and the Karamojong cattle rustlers. This paper does not intend to examine the nature of this process. Yet it would like to point out that this strategy for the reintegration of some FAPs are under attack by sections of both local and international community. In generic terms, objections on this ground gear their allegations noting that the government is using the FAPs reintegrated in the military ranks as human shields in the process of military confrontation with their former trial, the LRA. />
Reception Center IV />
This intervention is the earliest attempt modeled by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) to receive the FAPs. Gulu Save the Children Organization (GUSCO) and World Vision International was among the first agencies to establish reception centers for FAPs. More agencies like Kupatanisha Ya Jamii (JYAK), a Swahili phrase for the Fellowship of Reconciliation in Uganda, among others, joined to support reintegration initiatives FAPs especially the grassroots level. />
Upon arrival at the reception centers, the particulars of FAPs are taken and their help in searching for their families where they were abducted commences.
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